Communal Toilets in Urban Poverty

Piloting a low-cost hardware intervention to reduce improper disposal of solid waste in communal toilets in low-income settlements in Dhaka, Bangladesh

BACKGROUND Bangladesh faces daunting challenges in addressing the sanitation needs of its urban poor. Maintaining the cleanliness and functionality of communal toilets is dependent upon periodic emptying of fecal sludge, and cooperation between users of communal toilets. Trash disposal into latrines can block the outflow pipes, rendering the toilets non-functional. METHODS Pre-intervention: W...

Improving Domestic Sanitation

On-site sanitation is the main form of excreta disposal in most sub-Saharan African cities and will remain the most appropriate level of service for the urban poor in the medium term. Despite heavy public investment in sewerage systems in most primary and some secondary cities, typically only 10-15% of the urban population benefit from access to the sewer network. About 80% of the urban populat...

Microbial quality of drinking water from groundtanks and tankers at source and point-of-use in eThekwini Municipality, South Africa, and its relationship to health outcomes

Drinking water quality was investigated at source and corresponding point-of-use in 2 peri-urban areas receiving drinking water either by communal water tanker or by delivery directly from the distribution system to household-based groundtanks with taps. Water quality variables measured were heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, E. coli, conductivity, turbidity, pH, and total and residual ch...

Heart failure in the urban African enclave of Soweto: a case study of contemporary epidemiological transition in the developing world.

Located in the Gauteng Province of South Africa (SA), Soweto is home to at least 1.1 million blacks and represents the largest black community in this sub-Saharan nation. Historically, its townships, spread over 40 sq miles of territory located to the southwest of Johannesburg, were created as a result of the residential segregation of blacks relocated to the area to work as cheap labor in the ...

Analytic Attitude toward the Contemporary Urban Public Spaces Related to the Communal Rituals